Kuhn argued that, while continuous progress is indeed characteristic of long periods of “normal science,” these periods are interrupted by periods of “revolutionary science” in which not only a scientific theory but also the entire conceptual framework in which it is embedded undergoes radical change. To describe this underlying framework, Kuhn introduced the concept of a scientific “paradigm,” which he defined as a constellation of achievements – concepts, values, techniques, etc. – shared by a scientific community and used by that community to define legitimate problems and solutions. Changes of paradigms, according to Kuhn, occur in discontinuous, revolutionary breaks called “paradigm shifts.”

-- The Systems View of Life

库恩认为，虽然持续进步确实是长期“常规科学”的特征，但这些时期会被“革命性科学”时期所打断，在这些时期，不仅科学理论，而且它所嵌入的整个概念框架都会发生根本性的变化。为了描述这种潜在的框架，库恩引入了科学“范式”的概念，他将其定义为科学界共享的一系列成就——概念、价值观、技术等等——并被该群体用来定义合法的问题和解决方案。根据库恩的说法，范式的改变发生在不连续的、革命性的突破中，称为“范式转变”。

AI 的出现可能正在引发多个领域的范式转移。

AI won’t replace programmers, but rather make it easier for programmers to replace everyone else.

-- Naval

你永远也不可能真正了解一个人，除非你站在他的角度考虑问题……

-- 《杀死一只知更鸟》

现在我担心会失掉阅读的时光，在此之前，我从没喜欢过阅读，就像人呼吸并不是因为喜欢，这是一个道理。

-- 《杀死一只知更鸟》

如果别人把那当成一个侮辱性的字眼来骂你，并不能贬损你的人格。那只能让你看到，骂你的人有多可悲，他的谩骂并不能伤害到你。

-- 《杀死一只知更鸟》

Greatness does not come out of intelligence, it comes from character. Character is not formed out of smart people: it is formed out of people who have suffered.

-- Jensen Huang

I was beginning to learn what all good pros and students of tennis must learn: that images are better than words, showing better than telling, too much instruction worse than none, and that trying often produces negative results.

-- The Inner Game of Tennis

我开始学习所有优秀的网球专业人士和学生都必须学习的东西：图像比文字更好，展示比讲述更佳，过多的指导不如没有，而且往往会产生负面结果。

I was going to skip entirely my usual explanations to beginning players about the proper grip, stroke and footwork for the basic forehand. Instead, I was going to hit ten forehands myself, and I wanted him to watch carefully, not thinking about what I was doing, but simply trying to grasp a visual image of the forehand. He was to repeat the image in his mind several times and then just let his body imitate.

-- The Inner Game of Tennis

我打算完全跳过对新手关于正手握拍、击球和脚步的常规解释。相反，我打算亲自打十个正手球，并希望他仔细观察，不要思考我在做什么，而是简单地尝试捕捉正手的视觉形象。他应该在脑海中重复这个形象几次，然后让身体模仿。

The task is not to see what has never been seen before, but to think what has never been thought before about what you see every day.

-- Erwin Schrödinger

真正的蠢材是缺乏自知之明的人（诸神专嘲笑或加害这种人）。我有很长一段时间曾是这种人。你当这种人迄今已很长时间，别再当了。

王尔德 -- 《自深深处》

你不明白，一个灵魂的空间无法同时容纳大恨和大爱。它们无法在一间雕琢精美的屋子里并存。爱由想象力滋养，可以让我们变得更有智慧、更善良和更高尚。透过爱，我们得以把生命看成一个整体；透过爱，也只有透过爱，我们得以除欣赏别人的理想状态外还欣赏他们的现实状态。只有美好的事物和构思美好的事物可以滋养爱。相反，任何事物都可以滋养恨。

王尔德 -- 《自深深处》

Eat a live frog first thing in the morning and nothing worse will happen to you the rest of the day.

-- Mark Twain

An old alchemist gave the following consolation to one of his disciples: “No matter how isolated you are and how lonely you feel, if you do your work truly and conscientiously, unknown friends will come and seek you.

-- Carl Jung

If you have to do it, it’s work. If you want to do it, it’s play.

-- Naval 

我去渡良濑川岸边的次数已经不下一百回，到处观察、拍照，工作日去、周末也去，白天去，夜里也去。至此，我为自己在东京都找找旧报道、点点鼠标就对案件妄下判断的行为感到羞愧。现场调查面临距离远、交通不便的问题，但不能什么都不做，就摆出一副什么都懂的样子。

-- 清水洁 - 足利女童连续失踪事件

Students who use AI as a crutch don’t learn anything. It prevents them from thinking. Instead, using AI as co-intelligence is important because it increases your capabilities and also keeps you in the loop. […]

AI does so many things that we need to set guardrails on what we don’t want to give up. It’s a very weird, general-purpose technology, which means it will affect all kinds of things, and we’ll have to adjust socially.

-- Ethan Mollick

依赖人工智能作为拐杖的学生往往无法真正学到东西，因为这会抑制他们的思考能力。相反，重要的是将人工智能视为共智工具，因为这不仅能提升你的能力，还能让你保持在学习的环节中。[…]

人工智能的功能多样，因此我们需要设定一些边界，以确保不放弃我们不愿失去的核心价值。作为一种非常独特的通用技术，人工智能将对各个领域产生影响，因此我们需要在社会层面进行相应的调整。

At first, I struggled to understand why anyone would want to write this way. My dialogue with ChatGPT was frustratingly meandering, as though I were excavating an essay instead of crafting one. But, when I thought about the psychological experience of writing, I began to see the value of the tool. ChatGPT was not generating professional prose all at once, but it was providing starting points: interesting research ideas to explore; mediocre paragraphs that might, with sufficient editing, become usable. For all its inefficiencies, this indirect approach did feel easier than staring at a blank page; “talking” to the chatbot about the article was more fun than toiling in quiet isolation. In the long run, I wasn’t saving time: I still needed to look up facts and write sentences in my own voice. But my exchanges seemed to reduce the maximum mental effort demanded of me.

-- Cal Newport

起初，我很难理解为何有人会选择这种方式写作。与ChatGPT的对话总是漫无边际，仿佛是在挖掘一篇文章，而非创作。但当我思考写作的心理体验时，开始意识到这个工具的价值。ChatGPT并非一次性生成专业文章，而是提供了起点：有趣的研究思路可以探索；经过充分编辑的平庸段落可能会变得实用。尽管效率不高，这种间接的方法确实比盯着空白页要轻松；与聊天机器人“交流”关于文章比在寂静中埋头苦干更有趣。从长远来看，我并没有节省时间：我仍需查找事实并用自己的声音写作。但这些交流似乎降低了对我心理努力的最大需求。

一部分儿童具有思考的习惯，而教育的目的在于铲除他们的这种习惯。

-- 罗素

钱是工具，不是目的。

-- 黄峥

If you want to tell people the truth, make them laugh or they will kill you

-- Oscar Wilde

I imagine my time as worth $1000 an hour, and ask myself what’s worth $1000?

-- Derek Sivers

The open secret of real success is to throw your whole personality into your problem.

-- George Polya - How to Solve it

“How did you go bankrupt?”, Bill asked.
“Two ways”, Mike said. “Gradually and then suddenly.”

-- Ernest Hemingway - The Sun Also Rises

“What do you see when you look in the Mirror [of Erised]?”
                
“I? I see myself holding a pair of thick, woollen socks.”
                
Harry stared.
                
“One can never have enough socks”, said Dumbledore. “Another Christmas has come and gone and I didn’t get a single pair. People will insist on giving me books.”

-- J.K. Rowling - Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

When you’re a carpenter making a beautiful chest of drawers, you’re not going to use a piece of plywood on the back, even though it faces the wall and nobody will ever see it. You’ll know it’s there, so you’re going to use a beautiful piece of wood on the back. For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.

-- Steve Jobs

There’s lots of ways to be, as a person. And some people express their deep appreciation in different ways. But one of the ways that I believe people express their appreciation to the rest of humanity is to make something wonderful and put it out there.

And you never meet the people. You never shake their hands. You never hear their story or tell yours. But somehow, in the act of making something with a great deal of care and love, something’s transmitted there. And it’s a way of expressing to the rest of our species our deep appreciation. So we need to be true to who we are and remember what’s really important to us.

-- Steve Jobs

I started eating with them [the chemists] for a while. And I started asking, ‘What are the important problems of your field?’ And after a week or so, ‘What important problems are you working on?’ And after some more time I came in one day and said, ‘If what you are doing is not important, and if you don’t think it is going to lead to something important, why are you at Bell Labs working on it?’ I wasn’t welcomed after that; I had to find somebody else to eat with!…In the fall, Dave McCall stopped me in the hall and said, ‘Hamming, that remark of yours got underneath my skin. I thought about it all summer, i.e. what were the important problems in my field. I haven’t changed my research’, he says, ‘but I think it was well worthwhile.’ And I said, ‘Thank you, Dave’, and went on. I noticed a couple of months later he was made the head of the department. I noticed the other day he was a Member of the National Academy of Engineering. I noticed he has succeeded. I have never heard the names of any of the other fellows at that table mentioned in science and scientific circles.

-- Richard Hamming - “You and Your Research”

不闻不若闻之，
闻之不若见之，      
见之不若知之，      
知之不若行之；      
学至于行之而止矣    

-- 荀子                                    

Not having heard is not as good as having heard,
having heard is not as good as having seen,
having seen is not as good as mentally knowing,
mentally knowing is not as good as putting into action;
true learning is complete only when action has been put forth

-- Xunzi

天气好极了，钱几乎没有

-- 契科夫

When there's a will to fail, obstacles can be found.

-- John McCarthy