Kuhn argued that, while continuous progress is indeed characteristic of long periods of “normal science,” these periods are interrupted by periods of “revolutionary science” in which not only a scientific theory but also the entire conceptual framework in which it is embedded undergoes radical change. To describe this underlying framework, Kuhn introduced the concept of a scientific “paradigm,” which he defined as a constellation of achievements – concepts, values, techniques, etc. – shared by a scientific community and used by that community to define legitimate problems and solutions. Changes of paradigms, according to Kuhn, occur in discontinuous, revolutionary breaks called “paradigm shifts.”

-- The Systems View of Life

库恩认为，虽然持续进步确实是长期“常规科学”的特征，但这些时期会被“革命性科学”时期所打断，在这些时期，不仅科学理论，而且它所嵌入的整个概念框架都会发生根本性的变化。为了描述这种潜在的框架，库恩引入了科学“范式”的概念，他将其定义为科学界共享的一系列成就——概念、价值观、技术等等——并被该群体用来定义合法的问题和解决方案。根据库恩的说法，范式的改变发生在不连续的、革命性的突破中，称为“范式转变”。

AI 的出现可能正在引发多个领域的范式转移。